Eye cancer occurs when cells in or around the eye multiply uncontrollably, forming a tumour. These tumours can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant tumours can grow and spread to other parts of the body. Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent the cancer from spreading. If caught early, many eye cancers can be effectively treated, preserving vision and overall health. Regular eye exams are essential for identifying potential issues before symptoms arise. By understanding the risks and signs of eye cancer, individuals can take proactive steps to protect their vision and health. Prompt medical attention can make a significant difference in treatment outcomes
Recognising the symptoms of eye cancer
Eye cancer can manifest in various ways. Common symptoms include:Vision problems: Blurry vision, distorted vision, loss of peripheral vision, or sudden vision lossFloaters and flashes: Spots or squiggles drifting in your field of vision or flashes of lightChanges in the eye: A growing dark spot on the iris or white part of the eye, changes in pupil size or shape, or bulging of the eyeEye irritation: Persistent irritation or redness that doesn’t improveLumps or growths: A growing lump on the eyelid or in the eyeballChanges in eye movement: Changes in the way the eye moves within its socket or the positioning of the eyeballEarly detectionOften, eye cancer is detected during a routine eye exam by an optometrist or ophthalmologist. If you notice any unusual changes in your vision or eye health, it’s essential to schedule an appointment for a thorough examination.
Risk factors for eye cancer
Certain factors can increase your likelihood of developing eye cancer. These include:
- Age: Most eye cancers are diagnosed in people over 50, except for retinoblastoma, which affects children under 5.
- Skin and eye colour: People with fair skin and light eyes (blue or green) are more susceptible to eye cancer than those with darker skin and eyes (brown).
- Inherited conditions: Certain genetic conditions, such as dysplastic nevus syndrome or BAP1 tumour predisposition syndrome, can increase the risk of eye cancer.
- UV exposure: Possible link between UV rays from the sun or tanning beds and increased risk of intraocular melanoma, although more research is needed.
These factors can contribute to a higher risk of developing eye cancer. Regular eye exams and awareness of these risk factors can help with early detection and treatment.Also read | Frequent urination a warning sign of diabetes: Here’s what you need to know
